Understanding Biodegradable Ceramic Tableware and Its Environmental Impact
When I design a table for a client, the conversation rarely stays at color palettes and plate sizes. Increasingly, someone will pause, run a fingertip along a glazed rim, and ask, “Is this plate actually eco-friendly… or just marketed that way?” The phrase that often triggers that question is “biodegradable ceramic tableware.”
It sounds ideal: the warmth and beauty of ceramic that somehow disappears harmlessly back into the earth when we are done. But the reality is more nuanced. To choose dinnerware that is genuinely aligned with your values, it helps to understand what “biodegradable” really means, how ceramics behave in the environment, and where they sit alongside bamboo, sugarcane, and bioplastic alternatives.
This guide looks at biodegradable ceramic tableware through both an aesthetic and pragmatic lens, drawing on research from ceramic studios, material scientists, and eco-conscious brands. The goal is not to shame any material, but to help you curate a table that feels beautiful, functions well, and makes environmental sense over time.
What “Biodegradable” Tableware Actually Means
Before we zero in on ceramics, it is essential to clarify language. As VanCassco Tableware points out, biodegradable is not just a feel-good adjective; it describes a specific biological process. Microorganisms break a material down into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass. That is different from compostable, which refers to biodegradation under controlled conditions of moisture, oxygen, and temperature, and different again from simple fragmentation into smaller pieces.
Biodegradable tableware in the strict sense is usually made from plant-based materials. Research from BioLeaderPack describes pulp-molded plates and bowls formed from sugarcane bagasse, waste paper, and plant fibers like bamboo, straw, or peanut shells. Under the right conditions, these materials can decompose completely, often in industrial composting facilities, leaving no toxic residues.
Another class of biodegradable tableware uses bioplastics such as polylactic acid (PLA). PLA dinnerware begins as starch- or sugar-rich crops like corn or sugarcane that are fermented into lactic acid, then polymerized into a resin. BioLeaderPack notes that under industrial composting, PLA products can break down within a few months, whereas conventional plastics may persist for hundreds of years. PLA draws on renewable biomass and typically has a lower carbon footprint than petroleum-based plastics.
Brands like Irida Naturals highlight yet another category: reusable biodegradable sets made from wheat straw, bamboo, or rice husk. These materials are shaped into everyday plates and bowls that are light, attractive, and compostable at end-of-life when handled properly. They bridge the gap between single-use disposables and permanent tableware, but they are not designed to last for decades.
So, in the biodegradable world, we are usually talking about plant fibers or bio-based resins that microbes can eventually digest. Ceramics, by nature, are something quite different.
Are Ceramics Biodegradable? The Environmental Paradox
Ceramics begin in a very earthy way: clay, feldspar, silica, and other minerals mixed with water. Once formed, though, they are fired in kilns at temperatures that can reach roughly 2,200–2,450°F for tableware bodies, and many ceramic materials have melting points near 3,600°F. At those conditions, clay particles fuse into a hard, glassy, vitrified material.
According to VanCassco’s analysis, that vitrified ceramic is essentially inert. It does not biodegrade or compost on human timescales. Field observations from dumpsites, such as studies referenced in their work from locations in Ghana, show ceramic shards persisting for centuries and even blocking drainage systems. Gorgeous Ceramic notes a similar paradox: in technical classifications, ceramic is sometimes described as biodegradable, yet in practice ceramic products may need many thousands of years to disappear and are considered non-compostable.
This is where the marketing phrase “biodegradable ceramics” becomes confusing. It often conflates the behavior of unfired clay—which can be slaked back into mud and reused—with the behavior of the finished fired plate. It may also spotlight bio-based or waste-derived ingredients inside a glaze or clay body and imply the entire plate behaves like a sugarcane bowl or PLA fork. That implication does not hold in real-world conditions.
The irony, as VanCassco puts it, is that sustainable ceramics deliberately lean into durability, not decay. We want our reusable dishes to survive daily meals, dishwashers, and holiday gatherings for years. If a plate truly biodegraded quickly, it would be a poor, unsafe plate. That durability is precisely what gives ceramic tableware its environmental value—if we use it wisely.
Why Ceramic Tableware Can Still Be an Eco-Conscious Choice
Even though fired ceramics are not biodegradable in the way plant-based disposables are, they can still play a powerful role in a low-impact lifestyle.
Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials made by firing clay at high temperatures, as described by both Gorgeous Ceramic and Dreamy Walls. The result is hard, brittle in some failure modes, but remarkably durable in everyday use. Ceramic tableware is heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and chemically stable. Tivraa and Saje Rose emphasize that quality ceramics are non-reactive with food, meaning they do not interact with acidic sauces or hot dishes and do not leach harmful substances when glazes are properly formulated.
Health and safety are central to this story. Brands like HF Coors and Dreamy Walls highlight vitrified ceramic dinnerware that is lead-free and cadmium-free, non-porous, and safe in ovens, microwaves, dishwashers, and freezers when labeled accordingly. International Syalons notes that technical ceramics such as alumina and zirconia have negligible toxicity, and materials like alumina are certified safe even for cosmetic applications. For food-contact tableware, that chemical inertness is a significant advantage over some plastics and poorly formulated metal coatings.
From a sustainability perspective, multiple sources—including Grescasa, Gorgeous Ceramic, Yongjian, Joyye, and Bzyoo—underscore a few common themes. First, ceramic products draw on abundant natural materials like clay and sand rather than fossil-fuel feedstocks. Second, modern ceramic production increasingly uses energy-efficient kilns and, in some factories, renewable electricity such as solar or wind. Third, ceramic pieces can last for decades or even centuries. Bzyoo frames ceramic dinnerware as a direct antidote to the millions of metric tons of disposable plates and cups heading to landfills and oceans each year.
Durability is more than a technical feature; it shapes how we live. Saje Rose describes ceramic tableware as both luxurious and tactile, with excellent thermodynamic stability that keeps soups warm and salads cool longer. Many of us have memories tied to a particular mug or serving bowl. When a plate stays in service for years, it displaces not just one disposable, but potentially hundreds or thousands over its lifetime.
A Lifecycle Look at Ceramic’s Environmental Impact
To understand ceramic’s environmental footprint, it helps to look at the full lifecycle: raw materials, production, use, and end-of-life.
Raw materials and mining
Traditional ceramics rely on natural clays, silica, feldspar, and other minerals. ScienceDirect’s review of sustainable ceramics notes that intensive extraction of these raw materials can contribute to resource depletion and pollution. Gorgeous Ceramic acknowledges that mining can disrupt ecosystems, reduce soil nutrients, and pollute water resources.
Ethical material sourcing is an emerging focus in the ceramic community. Oxford Clay discusses how certain ingredients, like cobalt oxide used for vivid blue glazes, can be linked to human and environmental harm in regions such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. To respond, they recommend building an explicit ethical framework: asking suppliers about the origins and processing of clays and minerals, and consulting references like PubChem and the Minerals Education Coalition for toxicity and mining information.
There is also a strong push toward using industrial byproducts and waste as ceramic feedstocks. The ScienceDirect review describes substituting virgin minerals with materials like rice husk ash, fly ash, and textile wastes, transforming what would otherwise be solid waste into useful raw material. Crafty-Clayworks and Human LibreTexts highlight closed-loop practices in studios: reclaiming clay trimmings, rehydrating scraps, and crushing broken or unfired pieces to use as grog, thereby reducing landfill waste and lowering demand for freshly mined clay.
On the consumer side, companies such as Hosen Home and Joyye emphasize using responsibly managed mineral sources and incorporating recycled content where possible. When you see brands openly discuss reclaimed clay or waste-derived ingredients, that is a sign they are taking raw-material impacts seriously.
Firing and energy use
Firing is ceramic’s most energy-intensive stage. Hosen Home notes that typical firing ranges for tableware bodies run around 1,200–1,350°C, which corresponds to roughly 2,200–2,450°F. Gorgeous Ceramic points out that older, traditional kilns often relied on coal or wood and consumed large amounts of fuel, generating substantial greenhouse gas emissions.
Modern practice is evolving. Hosen Home describes gas recirculating kilns that reuse hot air, solar-powered electric kilns, and zonal kiln control that directs heat only where needed. Human LibreTexts highlights low-fire techniques, careful kiln stacking, and programmable controllers that reduce energy per firing cycle. Gorgeous Ceramic and Grescasa both note that many factories have transitioned to more efficient kiln designs, with some partially or fully powered by renewable energy sources such as solar.
VanCassco references real-world life-cycle assessments that put these energy choices into perspective. In one Brazilian porcelain tile line, researchers measured monthly emissions around 70,711 kg of CO2 equivalent, roughly 155,890 lb, with a carbon intensity near 0.337 kg CO2-equivalent per square meter, or about 0.07 lb per square foot of tile. Another study in Thailand found raw material transport to be the largest emissions hotspot for tiles, with global warming potentials around 3,730 kg CO2-equivalent per metric ton of tile, roughly 3.73 lb per pound, compared with older U.S. Environmental Protection Agency averages closer to 300 kg per metric ton, or about 661 lb per ton. These numbers illustrate how kiln efficiency, grid mix, and transport distances combine to shape ceramic’s climate footprint.
The key point is that while firing is energy-intensive, that impact can be substantially reduced through efficient kilns, optimized firing schedules, and cleaner electricity. Spread across a plate’s potential decades of use, the per-meal energy cost can be far lower than repeatedly manufacturing single-use plastic or styrofoam dishes, especially when factories recapture and reuse kiln heat, as Bzyoo describes.
Glazes and chemistry
Glazes give ceramic tableware its luster, color, and protective surface, but they are also a critical point of environmental and health concern. Crafty-Clayworks and Oxford Clay both call attention to the history of lead-based and other toxic glazes, which can leach into food or wash into waterways if glaze waste is not handled properly. VanCassco similarly warns that poorly formulated glazes containing heavy metals like lead or cadmium can contaminate soil and water.
The industry has made significant strides. Hosen Home emphasizes low-lead and lead-free glazes tested by SGS to meet food-contact standards. HF Coors highlights vitrified pieces that are lead-free and cadmium-free, resistant to staining and crazing, and safe in a wide range of cooking and storage environments. International Syalons notes that certain ceramic materials show negligible toxicity and good biocompatibility, which is why zirconia is widely used in dental applications.
Innovations are also occurring in the ingredients themselves. VanCassco describes a Yale Engineering collaboration using eggshell waste as a calcium source in glazes. Tests showed abrasion resistance comparable to conventional recipes, no measurable leaching after approximately eighty dishwasher cycles, and appealing aesthetics. That kind of bio-sourced chemistry reduces reliance on mined minerals without making the finished plate biodegradable, and it points toward future glaze systems that are both high-performing and lower-impact.
For eco-conscious buyers, the practical takeaway is simple: look for clear statements that glazes are lead-free, food-safe, and tested to standards such as FDA or LFGB. Ask how studios trap and dispose of glaze sludge, and favor makers who treat glaze waste responsibly rather than washing it down the drain.
Use phase: washing, energy, and everyday habits
Once a ceramic plate leaves the kiln, its direct environmental impact during use is very low. Gorgeous Ceramic notes that ceramics are inert and do not release harmful particles into the environment. Their insulation properties can even improve energy efficiency; well-designed ceramic dishes hold heat and cold, which Saje Rose and Dreamy Walls highlight as a functional advantage for serving.
The main environmental levers in this stage are your washing habits and shipping distances. VanCassco cites an artist-led analysis of a handmade stoneware mug with cradle-to-grave emissions around 16.5 lb of CO2, dominated not by the clay itself but by air freight and dishwashing. Running full dishwasher loads, choosing energy-saving cycles, and allowing dishes to air dry can significantly reduce per-use impacts. HF Coors and Elfin View recommend gentle care—warm water, mild detergent, and soft sponges—to protect glazes and surfaces, which in turn extends the life of each piece.
From a styling perspective, I often suggest building a capsule of ceramic basics you truly love and then committing to them. A set of neutral stoneware plates, versatile bowls, and a few statement serving pieces that you reach for daily will use your dishwasher efficiently and minimize the temptation to rotate through trend-driven, short-lived dishes.
End-of-life: from landfill myths to circular reuse
At the end of its dining life, a ceramic plate will not melt into soil or vanish in a home compost pile. Gorgeous Ceramic stresses that ceramics may take thousands of years to break down and are non-compostable. VanCassco adds that in many parts of the world, roughly one-third of all waste is still openly dumped, so ceramic shards may accumulate in unmanaged sites if waste systems are weak.
That said, fired ceramics can be repurposed and recycled in other industries. Gorgeous Ceramic and Syalons describe how ceramic waste can be crushed into recycled crushed ceramic rubble, which engineers use to stabilize expansive soils in geotechnical projects. The ScienceDirect review documents multiple applications where finely milled waste ceramics and tile powders replace a portion of Portland cement or virgin aggregates in bricks, glass-ceramics, and concrete formulations, sometimes maintaining or even improving compressive strength when they substitute about five to twenty percent of cement.
On a smaller scale, Human LibreTexts and many studio potters advocate crushing broken pieces into grog to reinforce new clay bodies or reimagining cracked plates as garden mosaics, plant-pot drainage layers, or decorative objects. Some manufacturers and studios, as Crafty-Clayworks suggests, are experimenting with take-back or repair programs to keep their pieces in circulation longer and reclaim material at the end.
In other words, while your plate will not biodegrade, it does not have to be pure landfill. Reuse, creative repurposing, and industrial recycling can fold ceramics back into useful cycles.
How “Biodegradable” Ceramics Are Marketed Today
So why do we sometimes see “biodegradable ceramic tableware” in product descriptions?
Several threads tend to get woven together. Some articles, such as those from HF Coors and eco-conscious lifestyle blogs, loosely describe ceramic as biodegradable or earth-friendly because it is made from natural materials and is inert in landfills. Gorgeous Ceramic acknowledges that, in certain technical contexts, ceramic may be grouped with biodegradable materials, yet they themselves make clear that ceramic items take extremely long periods to disappear and are not compostable.
Another factor is the use of bio-based or waste-derived inputs. VanCassco and ScienceDirect both describe glazes and clay bodies that incorporate eggshell waste, textile residues, and other recycled materials. These ingredients meaningfully improve the sustainability of ceramic production, but they do not change the fundamental fact that the fired object is stable rather than biodegradable.
Finally, some brands carry both ceramic collections and separate biodegradable ranges made from sugarcane, PLA, bamboo, or wheat straw. Language can blur between those categories in marketing copy.
As a pragmatic curator, I recommend treating “biodegradable ceramic” as a signal that a brand is thinking about sustainability, but not as a literal technical claim. Ask what they mean: Are they using reclaimed clay? Are they minimizing glaze toxicity? Do they have end-of-life plans for broken pieces? Precise questions tend to surface precise practices.
Ceramic vs Other Biodegradable Tableware: A Practical Comparison
When you are planning a table—whether for everyday family meals, a wedding, or a food truck—ceramic is not the only environmentally minded option. The choice depends on context. The following comparison brings together findings from BioLeaderPack, Irida Naturals, Pick On Us, Gorgeous Ceramic, VanCassco, Bzyoo, and others.
Type |
Typical materials and format |
Sustainability strengths |
Key trade-offs |
Durable ceramic tableware |
Fired clay bodies with mineral glazes, often vitrified stoneware or porcelain |
Extremely long service life, non-toxic and inert, no microplastics, can be repurposed or used as aggregate at end-of-life |
Energy-intensive firing, non-biodegradable shards, heavier to ship, requires washing infrastructure and careful handling |
Pulp-molded fiber disposables |
Sugarcane bagasse, waste paper, plant fibers like bamboo, straw, or reed |
Made from renewable agricultural residues, fully biodegradable and often compostable, strong and heat-resistant, toxin-free |
Typically single-use, still requires energy and water in production, depends on composting or recycling systems |
PLA bioplastic disposables |
Bio-based resins from fermented corn or sugarcane processed into plates, cups, and utensils |
Derived from renewable biomass, lower carbon footprint than petro-plastics, can fully biodegrade under industrial composting |
Needs specific composting conditions, can behave like conventional plastic if landfilled, may have heat limitations |
Plant-based composite dinnerware |
Wheat straw, bamboo, rice husk composites shaped into reusable plates and bowls |
Lightweight, reusable over many cycles, compostable materials at end-of-life, attractive natural aesthetic |
Sensitive to high heat and prolonged soaking, shorter lifespan than ceramic, often not suitable for ovens or very hot foods |
This table is not about declaring a universal winner. It is about aligning the material with the moment. A dinner service for your home has different needs than a catered corporate event for several hundred guests.
When biodegradable disposables make sense
Research synthesized by Pick On Us and BioLeaderPack shows that eco-friendly disposables made from sugarcane pulp or similar fibers are far preferable to conventional plastic or styrofoam in settings where reusables are impractical. Outdoor festivals, large-scale catered events without dishwashing infrastructure, and busy food trucks often need a quick clean-up and minimal breakage risk.
In those scenarios, sturdy, compostable plates that can be collected with food scraps and sent to composting facilities dramatically simplify waste streams. They avoid microplastic pollution and, when processed properly, return nutrients to the soil rather than sitting in landfills for centuries. That is a meaningful improvement over status quo disposables.
When ceramic wins the sustainability matchup
In stable settings with access to dishwashing—your kitchen, a restaurant, a co-working cafe—ceramic almost always wins on both environmental and experiential grounds. Bzyoo underlines how disposable dinnerware contributes millions of metric tons of waste globally, even though less than ten percent of plastics and paper actually reach recycling centers. Yongjian emphasizes that ceramic tableware, made from natural ore-based materials, can last for decades, replacing countless single-use items.
A well-made ceramic plate used every day for ten or twenty years spreads its production footprint over thousands of meals. Combine that with efficient kilns, renewable energy where possible, and mindful washing habits, and you have a remarkably low-impact companion for your food. In my own projects, I often pair durable ceramics with truly biodegradable disposables only at the margins—say, compostable cocktail picks or sugarcane tasting spoons where washing is genuinely challenging.
Choosing More Sustainable Ceramic Tableware
If you decide ceramic should be your primary canvas, a few details can dramatically improve its environmental and health profile.
First, glaze safety and testing matter. HF Coors and Hosen Home both stress that their dinnerware is lead-free and compliant with food-contact standards such as FDA and LFGB. Hosen Home also mentions broader material compliance frameworks like REACH and RoHS, alongside ethical factory audits like BSCI and SEDEX. When you see those references, you can feel more confident that both the chemistry and the factory conditions have been scrutinized.
Second, ask about materials and kiln technology. Hosen Home describes using energy-efficient kilns and recycling water and glaze waste through closed-loop systems. Joyye and Yongjian highlight responsibly sourced clays, eco-friendly glazes, and plastic-free packaging using recycled cardboard and compostable wraps. Some manufacturers consolidate ocean freight shipments and provide shipment-level carbon reporting, reducing the climate impact of transport.
Third, consider durability and design. Brands like Saje Rose and Dreamy Walls emphasize robust, chip-resistant bodies that can withstand everyday use. HF Coors backs this up with multi-year chip guarantees under normal use. From a stylist’s perspective, stackable forms that nest comfortably, multi-purpose shapes, and timeless color palettes (soft whites, warm greiges, earthy greens) all help plates work across many meals and occasions, minimizing the urge to replace them with each trend cycle.
Finally, look at packaging and shipping choices. Joyye recommends plastic-free packaging for eco-friendly ceramics, and Hosen Home offers eco-pack carton options for retail and export. Choosing regional makers or distributors where possible shortens transport distances, while combining orders into fewer shipments reduces packaging waste and emissions.
Caring for Your Ceramic and Biodegradable Tableware
Once these pieces arrive in your kitchen, how you treat them determines how long they stay in your life.
Care guides from Elfin View, HF Coors, and Dreamy Walls converge on a simple philosophy for ceramic dinnerware. Whenever possible, wash plates, bowls, and mugs with warm—not extreme—water, mild detergent, and a soft sponge or cloth. Avoid steel wool and harsh abrasives that can scratch or dull the glaze. Most durable stoneware and porcelain are technically dishwasher-safe, but handwashing is gentler for delicate, heavily decorated, or more porous pieces like earthenware.
Avoid thermal shock. Elfin View notes that moving a dish directly from the refrigerator to a hot oven, or placing a hot plate on a cold surface, can cause cracking. Allow ceramics to adjust gradually, and let oven-hot dishes rest on a wooden board or trivet rather than a stone or metal countertop.
For storage, dry pieces thoroughly and stack them with care. HF Coors and Elfin View suggest using felt pads, rubber mats, or soft cloths between plates if you stack them high, especially for finer glazes. Store them in a cool, dry cupboard away from constant direct sunlight to prevent fading or heat stress.
Stains and marks are not inevitable. Elfin View explains that gray metal marks from cutlery often sit on the surface and can be removed with a gentle baking soda paste and a soft cloth. Tough stains from tea or coffee respond well to warm water mixed with vinegar or a baking soda paste left briefly before gentle scrubbing. Bleach and harsh chemicals, as HF Coors notes, can weaken glazes and should be avoided.
When chips and cracks appear, a pragmatic approach is best. Minor chips on non-food-contact edges can sometimes be repaired with a food-safe ceramic epoxy, but any item with hairline cracks that penetrate the body should retire from food service. Many clients happily repurpose such pieces as planters, catch-alls, or purely decorative accents, extending their useful life while keeping them out of the trash.
Biodegradable dinnerware made from wheat straw, bamboo, or rice husk needs a different kind of care. Irida Naturals recommends gentle washing with warm, soapy water and a soft sponge, avoiding abrasive pads. These materials are often not suited to high oven temperatures or prolonged microwave use, even if they are nominally heat-resistant, so serving hot food directly onto them rather than heating them in the appliance is wiser. Avoid long-term soaking, which can weaken the material, and always dry plates and bowls thoroughly before stacking them in a dry cupboard. Because moisture can encourage mold or degradation, proper storage is especially important for these plant-based composites.
Whether your pieces are vitrified ceramic or plant-based composites, the same philosophy applies: treat them as long-term companions rather than disposable conveniences, and they will repay you with years of service and fewer replacements.
FAQs on Biodegradable Ceramic Tableware
Is ceramic tableware biodegradable or compostable?
Fired ceramic tableware is not biodegradable or compostable on human timescales. As VanCassco’s research summary notes, vitrified clay bodies become hard, chemically resistant, and inert, and field observations show ceramic shards persisting in the environment for centuries. Gorgeous Ceramic adds that while ceramic is sometimes labeled biodegradable in technical classifications, pieces can need thousands of years to vanish and do not participate in microbial composting. That said, ceramics are eco-friendly in other ways: they are non-toxic in use, do not shed microplastics, and can be repurposed or recycled as aggregate or soil stabilizers.
Is ceramic or biodegradable disposable tableware better for the environment?
The answer depends on context. For everyday dining at home or in restaurants with dishwashing, durable ceramic wins. Bzyoo makes a strong case that single-use paper, plastic, and styrofoam dishes drive enormous waste, even though most are technically recyclable. A ceramic plate that serves thousands of meals over its life dramatically reduces material throughput. For large events without washing capacity, or for food trucks where breakage and logistics are genuine concerns, biodegradable disposables made from sugarcane pulp or similar fibers, as described by BioLeaderPack and Pick On Us, are far preferable to petrochemical plastics. Ideally, those items are collected and composted properly rather than landfilled.
How can I tell if a ceramic plate is truly eco-conscious?
Look for three kinds of information. First, safety and compliance: brands like HF Coors and Hosen Home explicitly state that their glazes are lead-free and cadmium-free and compliant with standards such as FDA, LFGB, REACH, or RoHS. Second, production practices: makers like Hosen Home, Joyye, and Yongjian discuss energy-efficient kilns, recycled or responsibly sourced clays, and eco-friendly packaging. Third, transparency: Oxford Clay and VanCassco encourage consumers to favor studios and companies that are willing to talk openly about their clay sources, glaze ingredients, kilns, and waste handling. When a plate comes with that level of detail, you can be more confident it is part of a thoughtful, lower-impact system rather than a marketing slogan.
In the end, setting a sustainable table is less about chasing the perfect label and more about curating a few well-chosen pieces that you will reach for again and again. As a tabletop stylist and pragmatic lifestyle curator, I see durable, well-made ceramic dinnerware as a quiet anchor: a beautiful constant beneath seasonal flowers, changing menus, and evolving conversations about the planet. Pair it thoughtfully with truly biodegradable pieces when the occasion calls for them, treat everything with care, and your table will reflect not just your style, but your values for years to come.
References
- https://human.libretexts.org/Workbench/Ceramics/15%3A_Innovative_Uses_of_Ceramics/15.02%3A_Sustainable_and_Eco-Friendly_Ceramic_Practices
- https://www.bioleaderpack.com/what-are-the-types-of-biodegradable-tableware-and-what-are-their-characteristics/
- https://www.oxfordclay.co.uk/blog-1/blog-post-title-two-zn3nh
- https://www.elfinview.com/care-for-ceramic-tableware/
- https://us.fable.com/pages/how-to-care
- https://ggsceramic.com/news-item/ceramic-materials-and-pollution-explore-how-eco-friendly-are-they
- https://grescasa.com/the-environmental-benefits-of-using-ceramic-products/
- https://hosen28.com/sustainable-ceramics/
- https://joyye.com/info-detail/eco-friendly-ceramic-tableware-and-vases
- https://www.yongjianceramic.com/environmental-trends-in-ceramic-tableware/
