The Impact of Iconic Patterns on Ceramic Tableware Design
Ceramic tableware is never just a neutral backdrop. The patterns on your plates and bowls quietly script how a meal feels, how food tastes, and even how your home tells its story. As a tabletop stylist who spends a great deal of time pairing plates with menus and interior schemes, I see patterned ceramics function as tiny, everyday works of art that are also hardworking tools.
Research from design-focused brands such as Euro Ceramica and HF Coors, as well as academic work on plate aesthetics, supports what stylists and chefs already sense intuitively. Patterns affect perception of tastiness and value, signal cultural identity, and anchor entire product lines in global markets. The question is not whether patterns matter, but how iconic motifs shape design decisions for both creators and homeowners.
In this article, we will explore what makes certain patterns iconic, how they influence function and emotion at the table, and how to choose the right motifs for real-life dining without sacrificing practicality.
Why Patterns on Plates Matter More Than Ever
Dinnerware has always had a double life as both tool and symbol. Historical overviews from ceramic manufacturers and historians describe plates evolving from simple clay surfaces over 10,000 years ago into highly coded objects that signaled status, religion, and regional identity. Chinese porcelain, Renaissance Italian maiolica, and European fine china all used painted motifs to communicate power and taste.
Today, the context has shifted but the stakes are similar. Joyye notes that the global ceramic dinnerware market is projected to grow from about $12.4 billion in 2024 to roughly $22.2 billion by 2034, driven in part by social media–driven “foodie” culture and more frequent home entertaining. Consumers want dinnerware that photographs beautifully, transitions from casual to special occasions, and expresses a particular lifestyle.
Studies on plate design echo this shift. A peer-reviewed article on the effect of plate patterns found that the aesthetic appeal of patterns meaningfully changed how people rated the tastiness, healthiness, and even perceived price of identical foods. Plates judged as more beautiful produced higher tastiness and healthiness ratings, while less-beautiful expressive patterns made food seem less appealing. In other words, pattern is not decorative noise; it is an active design cue that shapes the entire experience of a meal.
Meanwhile, brands such as Euro Ceramica emphasize how every design decision—from the curvature of a coupe plate to the way a pattern wraps around a rim—is engineered to elevate everyday dining into a multisensory experience. In haute cuisine, as Vancasso Tableware highlights, bespoke porcelain and stoneware are central to restaurant identity, not afterthoughts. The same principles can be applied at home with thoughtfully chosen iconic patterns.
What Turns a Motif into an Icon
Not every floral border or stripe becomes iconic. In the tabletop world, I consider a pattern “iconic” when it combines four traits: a clear visual language, strong cultural roots, symbolic meaning, and consistent use across forms and markets. The research you saw above gives several concrete examples.
Japanese ceramic motifs such as seigaiha (blue ocean waves), Sakura (cherry blossoms), Asanoha (hemp leaf geometry), Shippō (overlapping circles), and kintsugi-inspired gold lines are treated in EKA Ceramic’s writing as foundational patterns that define Japanese-style tableware. Italian sources describe Renaissance-derived motifs like Raffaellesco and Ricco Deruta in a similar way: enduring designs that immediately signal “Italian hand-painted dinnerware” to knowledgeable buyers. HF Coors, writing about global traditions, frames Mexican Talavera, Chinese blue-and-white porcelain, and European fine china patterns as cultural markers as much as surface decoration.
Below is a snapshot of how some of these motifs function on the table.
Pattern / Motif |
Tradition and symbolism |
Common ceramic uses |
Seigaiha (blue waves) |
Japanese motif dating back to early centuries; symbolizes calm, stability, and the sea |
Dominant on blue-and-white sushi plates and ramen bowls, especially for export to Western markets |
Asanoha (hemp-leaf geometry) |
Japanese hemp-leaf pattern representing growth and resilience |
Popular for miso soup bowls and wedding gift sets aimed at families and newlyweds |
Karakusa (arabesque vines) |
Japanese arabesque vines symbolizing longevity and prosperity |
Frequent on soy sauce dishes and teacups in ceremonial and gift sets |
Shippō (overlapping circles, “seven treasures”) |
Japanese symbol of harmony and human connection |
Used on compartment plates and saucers to create coordinated assortments |
Sakura (cherry blossoms) |
Japanese seasonal blossoms associated with beauty and ephemerality |
Often used on rice bowls, mugs, and gifting pieces with a romantic or seasonal mood |
Kintsugi-style gold repair lines |
Japanese-inspired motif celebrating healing and imperfection |
Employed on mugs, platters, and art pieces; visually mimics repaired cracks with gold |
Raffaellesco and Ricco Deruta |
Italian Deruta designs rooted in Renaissance frescoes and Umbrian motifs |
Classic hand-painted dinnerware patterns for plates and serveware, signaling artisanal heritage |
These patterns have survived centuries, traveled across continents, and adapted to new product types while retaining their recognizable DNA. For designers and buyers, they offer a way to tap into familiar visual stories while still customizing form, glaze, and color palette.
Cultural Stories Written in Glaze
Japanese Ocean Waves, Vines, and Blossoms
Japanese ceramic design is particularly rich in iconic patterns, and it offers a clear demonstration of how motifs drive both aesthetics and product planning.
EKA Ceramic profiles ten key Japanese motifs, of which seigaiha and Sakura are among the most globally recognized. Seigaiha, the repeating blue wave pattern, appears constantly on blue-and-white sushi plates and ramen bowls. It dates back many centuries and symbolizes eternal calm and stability. That calmness is not abstract; when I lay a table with seigaiha ramen bowls, the visual rhythm immediately feels ordered and grounded, especially when paired with simple chopsticks and clear glass.
Karakusa, with its trailing arabesque vines, speaks instead to longevity and prosperity. It often adorns soy sauce dishes and teacups, particularly in gift and ceremonial sets. Asanoha, the crisp geometric hemp-leaf pattern, signals growth and resilience and is favored on miso soup bowls and wedding gift sets for young families. Shippō, composed of overlapping circles, represents harmony and human connection and works beautifully on compartment plates and saucers designed to coordinate across a full range of tableware.
These motifs are not chosen at random. EKA’s comparison table maps each pattern to visual style, symbolism, typical product forms, and leading export regions such as the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Korea. For a designer or retailer, patterns become strategic tools. If you want a globally appealing collection that performs well in Western markets and on visually oriented platforms, anchoring the line in seigaiha and Sakura makes sense because they are already highly recognizable and widely searched.
Gold, Repair, and the Beauty of Imperfection
Modern pattern stories extend beyond flat graphics into how designers use metallic elements and simulated repairs. Kintsugi, the Japanese art of repairing broken ceramics with lacquer and gold, has inspired contemporary patterns that paint gold “healing lines” across otherwise intact pieces. EKA notes that kintsugi-style motifs celebrate imperfection and healing and appear frequently on handcrafted mugs and platters.
Yūri-kinsai, another Japanese approach, uses radiant gold detailing to add opulent accents to minimalist plates and premium tea sets. It is especially popular in markets such as the Middle East and Russia, where metallic ornamentation on ceramics aligns with local tastes for luxurious finishes.
From a practical standpoint, both kintsugi-style and Yūri-kinsai pieces should be treated as non-microwave-safe because of their metallic decoration. This is a case where pattern directly dictates use: the same gold that visually reinforces a story of healing or opulence also imposes a functional limitation.
Rustic Lines and Nature Scenes
Not every iconic pattern is precise or symmetrical. Japanese techniques such as Mishima (fine white slip inlay) and expressive brush-stroke decoration create surfaces that feel rustic, nostalgic, and deeply handcrafted. EKA groups Mishima, visible brush strokes, Sakura blossoms, and Tetsu-e iron-glaze drawings of fish, birds, and landscapes as a family of motifs that communicate artisan mindfulness, seasonal gifting, and wabi-sabi nature themes.
These patterns appear across rice bowls, matcha bowls, mugs, teapots, and traditional plates. In practice, they are the pieces I pull when a client wants a relaxed, poetic mood—say, pairing matcha bowls with visible brush strokes for a mindful afternoon tea or using Tetsu-e plates for a chef who wants the landscape literally painted beneath the food.
Globally, HF Coors places these Japanese traditions alongside Chinese blue-and-white porcelain, Mexican Talavera with its hand-painted florals and geometrics, Moroccan tagines, Native American symbolic pottery, and European fine china as examples of ceramic dinnerware acting as a cultural canvas. Regardless of region, patterns on tableware connect everyday meals to deeper histories and identities.
Pattern, Form, and the Science of Perception
How Designers Use Surface and Shape Together
Pattern never exists in isolation; it interacts with the plate’s form, thickness, and glaze. Euro Ceramica describes dinnerware design as a fusion of artistry and functionality where every detail is tuned for use. Coupe shapes with gentle, rimless edges expand the plating area and visual impact, which is ideal for bold central motifs or expressive brushwork. Inverted rims support pouring and handling and give designers a distinct band where patterns can sit without competing with the food.
Material composition plays a key role. Porcelain, with roots going back more than two thousand years, offers a refined, often translucent ground for intricate patterning. Stoneware, with ancient Roman precedents and robust modern formulations, provides a more rustic, weighty canvas whose inherent texture pairs well with reactive glazes and looser motifs. Joyye notes that stoneware fired around 2,100–2,300°F is valued for its non-porous, scratch-resistant surfaces and excellent heat retention, making it ideal for families and everyday-heavy use, while porcelain and bone china capture a lighter, more elegant aesthetic for refined patterns.
Surface finish is part of the pattern story too. Euro Ceramica highlights high-gloss glazes that amplify color, semi-matte finishes that read contemporary and subtle, and embossed textures that add depth even to tone-on-tone designs. In a social media context, as ceramic-focused brands and trend reports point out, matte and semi-matte surfaces photograph particularly well, allowing patterns and food to appear more dimensional and less reflective.
Beauty, Balance, and Taste
The scientific literature on plate design backs up these design instincts. A peer-reviewed study on plate patterns and food perception distinguished between “classical” patterns—organized, clean, symmetrical designs—and “expressive” patterns—original, creative, attention-grabbing designs. Plates in each group were further categorized as high-beauty or low-beauty based on participants’ judgments.
Across multiple experiments, beauty emerged as a powerful factor. In one experiment, more beautiful plate patterns increased perceived tastiness and healthiness of the food, while less-beautiful expressive patterns made identical dishes seem significantly less tasty and less healthy. Beautiful expressive and beautiful classical patterns performed best, and within classical designs, high-beauty motifs still outperformed lower-beauty versions. In another experiment, plate beauty increased perceived sweetness and greasiness and raised overall tastiness ratings, and there were interactions between beauty, pattern type, and perceived price.
This research suggests two practical guidelines. First, if you are choosing expressive, attention-grabbing patterns, they must still read as intentionally beautiful or cohesive; chaotic or “ugly expressive” motifs can backfire and lower perceived quality. Second, the type of pattern can influence plating preferences. The study found that classical designs suited centered, balanced plating, whereas expressive patterns encouraged some diners to prefer off-center or edge placement. When I am styling a table with strong expressive motifs, I often shift the food slightly off-center to let the pattern breathe, whereas on radial or symmetrical patterns, I lean into a classic centered presentation.
Color, Pattern, and Energy at the Table
Pattern is inseparable from color. Feng Shui–oriented guidance from Malacasa frames ceramic tableware as strongly linked to the Earth element because it is made from clay. In this view, the dining table is an energetic hub where color, shape, and layout support health, digestion, relationships, and prosperity.
Earth-element palettes—warm yellows, sandy beige, soft browns, terracotta, and clay tones—are said to promote stability, nourishment, and a grounded, comforting feeling at meals. Wood-element colors such as greens and teal speak to growth and family, while Fire-element colors like red, orange, and strong yellow signal passion and celebration. Metal-element whites, grays, and metallics suggest clarity and refinement, and Water-element blues and black evoke depth and flow.
Malacasa’s practical advice is to balance tableware colors with the room’s existing elements and to align the palette with your intention. For calm, grounded everyday meals, earth and wood tones in plates and serving pieces—think beiges, browns, soft greens, mid-tone blues—are recommended because they are versatile and restful. For lively gatherings, fire colors are best used as accents in plates or platters to stimulate conversation without overpowering the space.
Patterns naturally carry these energies through their color choices. Seigaiha in navy or deep blue embodies Water, while Sakura in soft pink and white leans toward Fire and Metal. A kintsugi-inspired pattern with gold lines on warm clay grounds bridges Earth and Metal. When I build a dinnerware capsule for a client, I start with how they want the table to feel—calm, celebratory, minimalist—and then select patterns whose colors and symbolism align with that intention and with their genuine preferences.
Iconic Patterns as a Business and Branding Strategy
Market Growth and Consumer Preference
Joyye’s analysis of consumer preferences paints a clear picture of why iconic patterns are strategically valuable. The ceramic dinnerware market’s projected growth at around 7% compounded annually is fueled by lifestyle shifts: post-pandemic home dining, social media sharing, and a desire for tablescapes that look curated rather than utilitarian.
Buying patterns are changing too. Instead of large, perfectly matched twelve-place-setting boxes, many consumers now prefer smaller four- to eight-place-setting sets, open-stock purchasing, and mix-and-match collections. Artisanal and handcrafted aesthetics—hand-thrown forms, reactive glazes, organic shapes, visible textures—are in high demand as design-conscious buyers seek unique, collected tables rather than rigid uniformity.
Minimalist designs with clean lines and matte finishes remain strong, especially among urban professionals who value versatility. Color preferences vary by region: North America leans toward blues and neutrals, Europe toward earth and Mediterranean tones, and many Asian markets toward brighter palettes. Across regions, buyers still expect functionality: microwave and dishwasher safety, durability, stackability, and the ability to move from everyday breakfasts to special dinners without feeling either too precious or too plain.
Iconic patterns operate as reliable anchors within this landscape. A seigaiha bowl or Raffaellesco plate can be integrated into eclectic settings precisely because their motifs are so recognizable and historically grounded. They offer a sense of continuity amid changing trends.
Matching Motifs to Markets and Menus
EKA’s mapping of Japanese motifs to export regions illustrates how deeply pattern is tied to market strategy. Seigaiha dominates blue-and-white sushi plates and ramen bowls in Western markets, where its wave pattern dovetails with existing expectations of “traditional Japanese” aesthetic. Yūri-kinsai’s radiant gold accents, by contrast, find special traction in Middle Eastern and Russian markets that favor opulent metallics.
Euro Ceramica’s modular approach—designing collections that mix and match coherently—is another response to evolving consumer behavior. Pairing a boldly patterned line like Zanzibar with calmer collections such as Diana or various white essentials allows retailers and designers to build layered assortments where one or two iconic patterns stand out while simpler pieces provide balance.
Historical perspectives reinforce this strategy. A 1968 survey of British and European ceramic tableware observed that while Britain’s industry excelled in quality and exports, its styling was sometimes conservative compared with the more radical modern designs emerging from Scandinavia and Germany. The recommendation even then was to use boom conditions to invest in experimental design. Today, that experimentation often takes the form of pattern innovations, cross-cultural motifs, and collaborations between manufacturers and specific retailers.
Branding Through Motifs: From Noritake to Boutique Studios
Iconic patterns are also brand signatures. EKA highlights five Japanese brands—Noritake, Arita Plus, Nagasaki Hasami, Kihara Inc., and Kousai Kiln—to show how different companies use motifs and glazes as distinct styling strategies. Noritake leans into fine porcelain and precise minimalism. Arita Plus focuses on minimalist blue Arita motifs. Nagasaki Hasami explores geometric-rustic glazes. Kihara curates wabi-sabi tea sets. Kousai Kiln combines kintsugi with iron-glaze “healing pottery.”
In Italy, That’s Arte describes Deruta patterns such as Raffaellesco, Ricco Deruta, and Arabesco as long-standing hallmarks of regional ceramic artistry. Buyers are advised to look closely at pattern quality, noting that two plates in the same pattern can vary significantly in value depending on how densely and precisely they are decorated. The level of ornamentation—how many dragons, how much shading, how little unpainted surface—directly affects perceived and actual worth.
In the United States, HF Coors situates its vitrified, fully lead-free dinnerware within the broader tradition of culturally significant pottery while emphasizing modern performance: broiler-, oven-, microwave-, dishwasher-, and freezer-safe pieces with a two-year chipping guarantee under normal use. Even when pattern is understated, the brand narrative still leans on the idea of dinnerware as a carrier of heritage and daily ritual.
At the top of the culinary pyramid, Vancasso Tableware describes how Michelin-starred restaurants commission bespoke porcelain from makers such as Bernardaud and Raynaud or work with local ceramicists to develop rustic stoneware. Patterns, reliefs, and glazes are chosen to echo menu concepts and environments, from Riviera-inspired sea creatures to hyper-minimalist, straight-sided plates that foreground the food. Smaller restaurants and home entertainers can echo this approach by adopting one or two memorable motifs that repeat across touchpoints: the house dessert served on a particular patterned plate, the holiday table anchored in a specific floral or geometric pattern.
Pros and Cons of Living with Iconic Patterned Tableware
Iconic patterns are powerful, but they are not automatically the right choice for every piece in your cabinet. A balanced view helps you curate a collection that feels elevated yet livable.
Aspect |
Advantages of iconic patterns |
Trade-offs and cautions |
Storytelling and identity |
Encode cultural narratives, values, and heritage, turning everyday meals into small rituals, as HF Coors and global tradition surveys emphasize |
Strong cultural references may feel out of place with some interiors or cuisines if chosen without intention |
Perceived quality and value |
Research on plate aesthetics shows high-beauty patterns raise perceived tastiness, healthiness, and even price; intricate inlay and hand-painting often command premiums, as EKA notes |
Highly decorated and hand-crafted pieces are more expensive and can feel too precious for some everyday use |
Photogenic presentation |
Social-media-friendly ceramics with visually striking motifs and textures perform well on platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, boosting visual impact for brands and home entertainers alike |
Busy or low-beauty expressive patterns can visually compete with the food and, as studies suggest, make dishes seem less appealing |
Functional performance |
Most modern ceramic dinnerware, including many patterned pieces, is microwave- and dishwasher-safe, durable, and non-porous, according to sources like HF Coors and dinnerware design guides |
Metallic decoration such as kintsugi-style gold lines or Yūri-kinsai accents should be treated as non-microwave-safe, and some delicate glazes benefit from hand washing |
Flexibility in styling |
Iconic motifs like seigaiha or Raffaellesco can be mixed with solids and subtle textures to create modular, personalized settings, aligning with Euro Ceramica’s and Joyye’s emphasis on mix-and-match design |
Very distinctive patterns can dominate a tablescape, making it harder to integrate other styles if you tire of them later |
From a stylist’s perspective, the key is to treat iconic patterns as focal points rather than as an obligation to cover every surface. A single signature motif repeated thoughtfully across a few pieces can transform how your table feels without overwhelming your everyday routine.
How to Choose Patterns That Truly Work in Your Life
Start with One Anchor Pattern
In my client work, I almost always begin by identifying one anchor pattern. EKA’s research highlights seigaiha and Sakura as particularly strong anchors because they are globally recognized, versatile, and perform well visually in export markets and on image-driven platforms. In an Italian context, Deruta patterns such as Raffaellesco play a similar anchoring role.
An anchor pattern is the motif you are happy to see in photographs again and again. It can appear on dinner plates, ramen bowls, or a hero serving platter. It should harmonize with your existing furniture and décor while still offering enough character to stand out.
Once you have your anchor, you can build supporting pieces around it. For a seigaiha-based setting, that might mean adding plain ivory coupe plates from a Euro Ceramica–style neutral collection and a few Shippō-patterned saucers to echo the circular motif in a softer way. For a Raffaellesco-based setting, it might mean pairing ornate dinner plates with solid stoneware side plates and bowls so the dragon motif reads as special rather than repetitive.
Build a Mix-and-Match Story Instead of a Perfect Set
Joyye’s consumer research confirms what many stylists have observed: buyers are increasingly moving away from rigid twelve-piece sets toward smaller sets, open-stock purchases, and mix-and-match collections. Euro Ceramica describes designing collections to be modular, with lines that can be paired without visual discord.
Lean into that flexibility. Think about your tableware as a wardrobe, where a patterned plate functions like a statement jacket, and simpler pieces are your favorite jeans and white shirts. You might own a patterned dinner plate, a contrasting patterned salad plate from another tradition, and a stack of plain bowls in a grounding earth tone. The patterns should share either color families, cultural references, or line quality so the table feels collected rather than chaotic.
For example, a Sakura plate with soft pink blossoms can live beautifully next to a minimalist white porcelain bowl and a beige stoneware mug. The blossoms carry the seasonal, poetic note, the white bowl adds clarity (a “Metal element” in Feng Shui terms), and the stoneware mug adds Earth’s grounded texture. Together, they echo Malacasa’s advice to balance elements and let color and material support your intention for the meal.
Respect Practical Constraints Without Losing Romance
Romantic patterns only work in the long term if they fit your actual lifestyle. The research notes supply several practical guardrails.
Most modern ceramics are microwave- and dishwasher-safe, as multiple sources confirm, but items with metallic detailing—such as Yūri-kinsai or kintsugi-style gold lines—should be treated as non-microwave-safe. Some delicate glazes or intricate inlay work, like Mishima or heavily hand-painted brush-stroke pieces, not only justify but almost demand gentler cleaning because they embody higher artisanal craftsmanship and price.
Durability matters too. HF Coors emphasizes vitrified, fully lead-free, non-porous bodies that resist moisture, odors, and stains and are safe for broilers, ovens, microwaves, dishwashers, and freezers, backed by a two-year chipping guarantee under normal use. Stoneware, according to Joyye, offers weight and scratch resistance that families often prefer for daily use, while porcelain and bone china bring a lighter, refined touch suited to special occasions or meticulous entertainers.
One practical approach is to mirror what many households and restaurants already do: maintain two tiers of dinnerware. Everyday plates and bowls can be robust stoneware with subtle patterns or textures. Then you layer in more delicate or heavily decorated porcelain and bone china for holidays, dinner parties, or photography. High-end restaurants described by Vancasso Tableware do something similar, commissioning bespoke ceramics for signature courses while relying on more versatile pieces for most of the menu.
FAQ
Do bold patterns make food look too busy?
They can, but it depends on the pattern’s beauty, organization, and your plating. The aesthetic research discussed earlier found that less-beautiful expressive patterns made food seem less tasty and less healthy, whereas beautiful expressive and classical designs enhanced tastiness and perceived healthiness. In practice, that means a well-composed bold pattern can frame and elevate a dish, while a chaotic or low-quality motif can distract from it. Center plating tends to suit classical, symmetrical patterns, while expressive designs often work better with slightly off-center plating that lets both food and pattern be seen.
Are gold-patterned plates safe for everyday microwave use?
Pieces with real metallic detailing, such as Yūri-kinsai gold accents or kintsugi-style gold lines, should generally be treated as non-microwave-safe. EKA explicitly notes that metallic-decorated wares, including radiant gold detailing on plates and tea sets, are not for microwave use. They can still be entirely practical for everyday table settings, especially when hand-washed, but they are best reserved for serving rather than reheating.
Are hand-painted and inlaid patterns worth the higher price?
That depends on your priorities. EKA points out that hand-painted brush-stroke pieces and intricate inlay work such as Mishima typically command price premiums because they require more artisanal labor and skill. If you value uniqueness, visible craft, and the tactile presence of the maker’s hand, a small set of such pieces—perhaps dessert plates, mugs, or a single serving platter—can transform how special your table feels without requiring you to invest your entire cabinet in premium work. For heavy everyday use, combining a few high-craft patterned pieces with more affordable, durable basics often strikes the best balance.
A Stylist’s Closing Thought
Iconic patterns on ceramic tableware are not just pretty surfaces; they are condensed stories about culture, emotion, and everyday ritual. Whether you are curating a restaurant, an online assortment, or the shelves of a small apartment kitchen, let your patterns earn their place. Choose motifs that reflect the way you want meals to feel, respect the practical realities of your cooking and cleaning habits, and then give those designs room to shine. A single, well-chosen pattern, used thoughtfully, can quietly elevate every dish it touches.
References
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8997541/
- https://www.vads.ac.uk/digital/collection/DIAD/id/4434/
- https://www.thepotteries.org/patterns/aesthetic.html
- https://www.ceramicsnow.org/interviews/new-aesthethics-influenced-by-the-culture-of-consumption-interview-with-karin-karinson/
- https://mysacraft.com/index.php?route=blog/article&article_id=20
- https://www.ambowls.com/info/history-and-traditions-of-ceramic-tableware-83555274.html
- https://www.dinnerwaresupplier.com/blog/what-are-the-trends-in-ceramic-dinnerware-design-1484680.html
- https://ekaceramic.com/10-patterns-that-define-japanese-ceramic-tableware/
- https://japanobjects.com/features/japanese-pottery
- https://www.joyye.com/info-detail/consumer-preferences-in-ceramic-dinnerware-styles?requestId=
